{
    "id": 495,
    "date": "2025-02-21T09:33:07",
    "date_gmt": "2025-02-21T09:33:07",
    "guid": {
        "rendered": "https:\/\/vapeassociation.eu\/?p=495"
    },
    "modified": "2025-02-21T10:43:42",
    "modified_gmt": "2025-02-21T10:43:42",
    "slug": "%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b9%d0%bf%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3%d1%8a%d1%82-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be-%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be",
    "status": "publish",
    "type": "post",
    "link": "https:\/\/vapeassociation.eu\/bg\/2025\/02\/21\/%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b9%d0%bf%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3%d1%8a%d1%82-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be-%d1%81%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b5%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%bd%d0%be\/",
    "title": {
        "rendered": "\u0412\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438"
    },
    "content": {
        "rendered": "<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d<\/p>\n<p>\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442,<\/p>\n<p>\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430<\/p>\n<p>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438<\/p>\n<p>\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0425\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441, 2016<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434 6 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438. \u0412 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27338716\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27338716\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430, 2019<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/nejmoa1808779\">https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/nejmoa1808779<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u041f\u041e &#8222;\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e&#8220; (ASH), 2019<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: 54% \u043e\u0442 3.6 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ash.org.uk\/media-centre\/news\/press-releases\/in-2019-around-half-as-many-britons-now-vape-as-smoke-and-the-majority-are-ex-smokers?\">https:\/\/ash.org.uk\/media-centre\/news\/press-releases\/in-2019-around-half-as-many-britons-now-vape-as-smoke-and-the-majority-are-ex-smokers?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430, 2019<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f 700 000 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/recherche\/#search=Barom&egrave;tre%20de%20Sant&eacute;%20publique%20France%202017.%20Usage%20de%20la%20cigarette%20&eacute;lectronique,%20tabagisme%20et%20opinions%20des%2018-75%20ans\">https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/recherche\/#search=Barom&egrave;tre%20de%20Sant&eacute;%20publique%20France%202017.%20Usage%20de%20la%20cigarette%20&eacute;lectronique,%20tabagisme%20et%20opinions%20des%2018-75%20ans<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2019<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. 25% \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0446\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-abstract\/21\/1\/119\/4967860?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article-abstract\/21\/1\/119\/4967860?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 DEBRA, 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430 (10.2%).&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/rauchstoppversuche-und-genutzte-entwoehnungsmethoden-404ab5f0-ac2d-44d7-aa6b-0148094cd933\">https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/rauchstoppversuche-und-genutzte-entwoehnungsmethoden-404ab5f0-ac2d-44d7-aa6b-0148094cd933<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong>\u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u041f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 17.5% \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/suchthilfe-ost.ch\/media\/E-Zigarette-Evaluationsbericht.pdf\">https:\/\/suchthilfe-ost.ch\/media\/E-Zigarette-Evaluationsbericht.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b, 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430: 21.9%.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cjcopen.ca\/article\/S2589-790X(20)30030-5\/fulltext#%20\">h<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">ttps:\/\/www.cjcopen.ca\/article\/S2589-790X(20)30030-5\/fulltext#%20<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435 (\u041c\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d), 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;357 (99%) \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 (LYS) \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e 2100 \u0433., \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043e\u0442 143 000 \u0434\u043e 65 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 1.2 &ndash; 2.0 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/23\/4\/654\/5895499?login=false#.X0GszRV_p5Q.twitter\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/article\/23\/4\/654\/5895499?login=false#.X0GszRV_p5Q.twitter<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0430, 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 2.04 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa181\/5906696?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ntr\/advance-article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa181\/5906696?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 2020<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u041f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0430 2-4 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32939555\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32939555\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0441 49% \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438 (NRTs).&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306460321000976?via%3Dihub\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306460321000976?via%3Dihub<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"13\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0425\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0438, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0448\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanres\/article\/PIIS2213-2600(21)00022-9\/abstract#%20\">https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanres\/article\/PIIS2213-2600(21)00022-9\/abstract#%20<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"14\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u044f, 2021 (University of Leuven, Belgium 2021)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0425\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435, \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12954-021-00475-7?fbclid=IwAR3ev4CvXysZAGZWO6dHfSod4Ym1r_zJtNdDNcwN9npLSi8sZHD1Lbv7IFc\">https:\/\/harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12954-021-00475-7?fbclid=IwAR3ev4CvXysZAGZWO6dHfSod4Ym1r_zJtNdDNcwN9npLSi8sZHD1Lbv7IFc<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"15\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0436, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0418\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33581677\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33581677\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"16\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0443\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0446\u0430 19.1% \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438. \u0412 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438 (NRT) \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e 3.0%. \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 6 \u043f\u044a\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043f\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/add.15628?s=08#.YNwAcc4vNzY.twitter\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/add.15628?s=08#.YNwAcc4vNzY.twitter<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li><strong>ASH UK, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u044a\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438 (64.6%), \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u0412 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u0442.\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430), \u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e 30.5% \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2021 \u0433.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/ash.org.uk\/uploads\/Use-of-e-cigarettes-vapes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2021.pdf?\">https:\/\/ash.org.uk\/uploads\/Use-of-e-cigarettes-vapes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2021.pdf?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"18\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 Addictive Behaviors, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306460321003099\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306460321003099<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"19\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 Roswell-Park, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: 28% \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0430\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2787453\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2787453<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"20\">\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, 2021<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0415\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34954648\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34954648\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"21\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, 2022<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442: &bdquo;\u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 ENDS \u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 195 000 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442 (QALYs) \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f.&ldquo;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u043a \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34570237\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34570237\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>",
        "protected": false
    },
    "excerpt": {
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        8
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href=\"https:\/\/vapeassociation.eu\/bg\/2025\/02\/21\/\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442-\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e-\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e-\u0437\u0430-\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"bg_BG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0412\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 - \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0410\u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0415\u0419\u041f \u0418\u041d\u0414\u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0443\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. &nbsp; &nbsp; \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0441, 2016 &nbsp; \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434 6 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0438&hellip; Continue reading \u0412\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vapeassociation.eu\/bg\/2025\/02\/21\/\u0432\u0435\u0439\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u044a\u0442-\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e-\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e-\u0437\u0430-\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0410\u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u0426\u0418\u042f \u041d\u0410 \u0412\u0415\u0419\u041f \u0418\u041d\u0414\u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T09:33:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-21T10:43:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/vapeassociation.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f-1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta 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